Sui Dynasty (581-618) finally stopped the disunion and Hexi Corridor was again at peace. Dunhuang County held trade fairs which attracted merchants from West Region, and also encouraged people from inner China to migrate and cultivate the land. Dunhuang rose to its acme in this prosperous and stable period. Tubo people (early Tibetan) occupied Hexi Corridor for 67 years after the ten years’ war with the Tang Dynasty (618-907). In the year 1036, Xixia Kingdom controlled Hexi Corridor and in 1227 the Mongolian army conquered Dunhuang. Dunhuang became an important military port for the Mongolian army since the Mongols were trying to dominate the West. The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) moved people back to inner lands and shrunk to the east of the Great Wall. Thus, Hexi Corridor once again was under the control of nomad tribes. In 1715, the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) recaptured the Hexi Corridor and began to march to the West Region. People from Gansu, Turpan and other places of inner China were moved to Dunhuang and began to cultivate again. Today Dunhuang is a city focused on tourism and agriculture.
Because of the long time racial integration in the Dunhuang area, there are now over 40 nationalities living in Dunhuang. Han, Hui, Tibetan, Mongol, Manchu and Uighur are the main residents. Dunhuang has insufficient annual rainfall with an average maximum temperature of 32.8 oC (91 oF) in June and lowest temperature of -15.6 oC (3.9 oF) in January. Sandstorms and wind visit Dunhuang frequently. The temperature changes sharply after sunset, so sunglasses, scarves, and coats are necessary while traveling. The Mogao Caves, Western Thousand-Buddha Caves, White Horse Dagoba, and many other cultural relics scattered in Dunhuang show the amazing techniques of the intelligent artisans. Crescent Lake, Echoing-sand Mountain, Yangguan Pass and Yumen Pass standing for centuries silently tell the ancient stories.
Now Dunhuang City lures countless tourists every year with the magnificent historical and cultural relics, the long and grand history and marvelous natural scenery. Luxurious hotels and clean and safe hostels are easily found in the city. Chicken, beef and mutton are preferred by locals. Flour-made foods, especially oodles, are local highlights. Tourists can also find many western restaurants and Sichuan cuisine restaurants in the city.
It's easy to get to Dunhuang since the Dunhuang Airport is just 13 km (8.07 miles) from the downtown area. Flights to Lanzhou, Xian, Beijing, Urumqi, Jiayuguan Pass, etc., can be found there. Dunhuang Railway Station, which opened March 3 rd , 2006, can transfer tourists to Lanzhou and Jiuquan. Dunhuang Coach Station in Mingshan Lu operates long distance coaches to Jiuquan, Lanzhou, Xian, Hami, Turpan, Urumqi, Golmud, etc. Since the attractions are quite far from the downtown area, visitors can hire a taxi. Just remember to bargain with the driver beforehand.
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